Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students

Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students Management has been existed in our society since human beings began in the form of social organisation to achieve their goals, have become a significant part to our society and human activity. Management and leadership are clearly different, management is do things right and leadership is do the right thing, but both are equally important (Bennis, 1997). Therefore, the effective leaders and effective managers are required by the organisations, teams or groups to achieve the expected goals. Bennis (1994) defined management as a process of getting things done through others. This definition emphasizes that a manager to manage and organize a planning, assessment and assist the activities of others or subordinates. Bateman and Snell (2007) stated that four management functions: planning, organising, leading, and controlling are very valuable for professional practice. McKenna et al (2004) assert that effective leadership in practice is crucial for professional development and patients care enhancement. According to Marquis and Huston (2003), leadership is a process without threats and violence of empowering belief, persuading, moving and influencing another toward an objective. Dessler (2004) also defined leadership as a person influences others to willingly work toward a predetermined goal. However, Mintzberg (2004) assert that there are many views and definitions of leadership and makes leadership is complicated and confusing. Stanley (2009) defines and explores the health practice leadership as unifying people around values and then constructing the social world for others around those values and helping people to get through change. Leadership impact our daily and futures lives and very important in my clinical area to create an environment thats positive for relationship building and conducive to effective professional practice. Health professional such as nurses and AMO requires a strong, knowledgeable and consistent leader in quality professional practice environments to provide quality health services. Therefore, to achieve the requirements of professional practice and consumers requirements and expectations, its important for health professional to integrate leadership in health professional practice (Sofarelli and Brown, 1998). I will discuss and explore the theory of leadership in this paper when mentoring and encouraging staff and Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) to their career development, including further learning and leadership methods at Plaster Unit, and will implement this idea in my placement and appropriate use for my new task as a leader. My hospital is among the most famous teaching hospital in Malaysia which conduct education programs for medical, nursing and allied health science students. With over 11 years working experience and was promoted to Senior Assistant Medical Officer at Plaster Unit, Orthopaedic Department since January 2011. I have been appointed by head of Orthopaedic Department as manager, clinical instructor and mentor of Plaster Unit for new staff, medical and nursing students, particularly related to Plaster of Paris application. At the same time, I need to train and facilitate the department staff and newly AMO to update skills, knowledge and develop their further learning including mentoring programs. As a manager and instructor at Plaster Unit, I may be writing policies, assess, implement and promote policies, I might challenge the policy appears to be sensible and evaluate the policies. Good leaders were made rather than born. Good leaders must have the desire, willpower, and develops through lifelong learning process of educational, training and experiences (Jago, 1982). Taylor (2009) state that today health care operates in a rapidly growing environment where changes in leadership to be the main criteria for career development. Many different leadership theories have emerged and made based on previous theorists, but there are 8 major leadership theories; Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Situation theory, Behavioural theory, Participative theory, Transactional theory and Transformational theory. Burns (1978) have identified two types of leadership theories; transactional and transformational. Burns (1978) describes the transactional theory: leaders are just sitting towards the result, followers are directed to perform tasks and be appreciated by money or reward if the task is accomplished. In transformational theory, leaders see the relationship is very important, especially between leaders and followers. Mentoring relationships can develop the highest level of relationship between managers and subordinates (Graen Scandura, 1987). According to WhettonÂÂ   Cameron (2002), studies have shown that mentoring relationships have been increased career satisfaction, resiliency to stress, professional practice success and developing motivation. The initial concept of transformational leadership was introduced by Burns (1978); leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. Bass (1985) explains that the difference between transactional and transformational leadership is the ability of transformational leadership to motivate others to achieve goals more than what they wants. Transformational leadership has influenced me and mentoring program in plaster unit, it has motivated me and students to believe the vision and implement it to achieve goals. To be a trusted mentor and as a motivation , I am constantly learning and using advanced knowledge, my experience and skills to develop them as a successful professional through mentoring program. Transformational leadership occurs when leaders changes followers in three ways: the followers trusting the leader, performing behaviours that contribute to successfully of organisation objectives and get motivated to work at the highest level (Bass,1985). Schunk (2005) assert that motivation is a critical component of learning and professional development. I always have been motivated by the head of department and AMO supervisor to constantly improve the knowledge and skills, a nd this similarly methods are applied in mentoring program to the students and staff under my supervision. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Further research has identified the type of leadership that is more specific, but a preliminary research by a team of researchers led by Kurt Lewin in 1939 is influenced and established the three main leadership styles; Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire. Autocratic leaders make decisions independently and are usually seen as controlling, bossy and dictatorial. Autocratic leadership best used in situations where lack of time to make decisions or leader is the most knowledgeable. Lewin et al (1939) found that the Democratic leadership is most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage participation in the group, but retain the final decision-making process. Subordinates feel more involved in the group planning, more creative and motivated. While, researchers found that Laissez-Fair leadership is the least productiv e, where the Laissez-Fair leaders offer little or no guidance to subordinates and let them make their own decisions. Laissez-Faire leadership effectively used in situations that have members who are highly skilled, knowledgeable, motivated and able to work on their own. According to Lewin et al (1939), different leader lead differently, they can choose which style where appropriate and depending on the situation. Democratic leadership have been adopted in our department and mentoring program, all are encouraged and freely to give opinions and recommendations through department meetings, regular meetings and during weekly clinical area visits. I and AMO supervisor always offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage all AMO to involve in weekly discussions; it makes them feel involved in decision-making in Plaster Unit. Many researchers have shown that effective communication is closely related to the organisational successful and most important process of the management to run smoothly, to share information, decisions making and enhance the productive relationships with patients. According to Barret (2006), effective communication skills makes an effective leader; effective communication skills will build, enable and create understanding and trust that will encourage their subordinates to follow their leader. I believe that effective communication will help member to build trust, respect, facilitate learning, to understand the issues and make decisions for effective change and achieve goals. Shamir et al (1993) asserts that transformational leadership using communication to create a positive atmosphere and beneficial changes to their follower. When mentoring, I always encourage maximum interaction between mentor and learners to create more communication. Communication will be more effective if lead ers/mentor can be credible by his followers/mentee to create a positive ethos, because credibility is very important to inspire confidence and encourage followers to listen. Kouzes and Posner (1993) states that the most important things others follow someone is persons credibility. In summary, lifelong learning is very important for professional practice development, and better services to patients. Mentoring is a successful strategy to increase students academic success and professional careers (MacCallum Beltman, 2003). As a mentor and manager of Plaster Unit, I need to supervise, teach, provide skills and knowledge to newly AMO and students, and ensure the mentoring program is successful as expected objectives. Therefore, the skills of persuade and influence others is essential to gain trust and be accepted by students. Kram (1985) has outlined three key aspects of mentoring; mentoring-relationships, guidance for learning and mechanisms to achieve significant leadership development. Leadership development has become increasingly important and strategic imperative for private or public organisation (Leskiw and Singh, 2007). At my placement, mentoring program through transformational leadership has been recognized by the head of department and hospital management to produce a dedicated staff and good leaders, to provide quality services to our patients which are priority of our tasks. We believe that transformational leaders have competencies and expertise to constantly keep our department competitive. According to Raggins et al (2000), studies have shown that mentoring provides many benefits to facilitate the career development of employees. Advice, support and encouragement can be delivered by experienced professionals for the less experienced professionals through a mentoring program. Transformational leadership will be activated, and a positive work culture and subordinates career development can be promoted if leaders or manager served as a mentor (Scandura Williams, 2004). Bass and Avolio (1993) believes that vision communication and an emphasis on achieving organisational goals by building self-c onfidence of followers are among the major behaviour of transformational leader. Bass (1990) assert that the concept of transformational leadership and mentoring approach are same, both influences the career development, commitment, performance and satisfaction. However, according to Sosik and Godshalk (2000), when compared to transactional leadership, transformational leadership mentoring supervision is better and more effective. Bass (1990) explains that there are four main characteristics that distinguish transformational leaders from transactional leadership: Transformational leaders are characterized by idealised influence or charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Mentoring will be more effective if those four characters of transformational leadership are present on mentor (Scandura Wlliams, 2004). Banerji and Krishnan (2000) asserts that charisma characteristics are the most important of transformational leadership. House (1977) explain that charismatic leaders have the characteristics of ability to communicate, inspire and motivate the employees, communication skills, self-confidence, ability to interpret and implement the organizational vision and ability to be enthusiastic to daily works. Therefore, I believe that transformational characteristics are important to achieve the department vision and self-improvement. Jung et al (2009) states that the characteristics of transformational leadership are often associated with many positive organizational outcomes and related to overall effectiveness of leadership. There is substantial evidence that transformational leadership will enhance the quality of health-care services to patients and reduce the negative impact on health professional, increase staff creativity and department innovation. As manager of plaster unit, I expect this leadership transformational benefits will make us more creative and able to adapt their skills and knowledge to the services and the best clinical outcomes for patients. In conclusion, this paper has highlighted the important issues of leadership that is needed for future practice development and how has affected the mentoring success. As health professionals who are concerned with career development and provide the best service to patients, it is important to explore and learn deeper about various leadership styles. Transformational leadership theory is advocated by many leadership thinkers as the best leadership approach to in the organization that allows employees to achieve their full potential (Taylor, 2009). Integrating mentoring and transformational leadership are crucial for health professional to get more effective leadership training (Scandura Williams, 2004). Therefore, organisations need to more improve mentoring and leadership training that will facilitate the development of transformational leaders and capable mentors.

Anywhere You Dare :: essays research papers

“Anywhere You Dare';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I first saw the Candies fragrance ad, I immediately had a perception of its entire meaning. It is interesting to see how the advertisers for this particular advertisement try to pull people in and buy their product. This ad is an example of the sexual influence on our society s marketing strategies. We tend to deny that sexual influence has become a mainstream market in our society but if you look through an every day magazine you begin to notice how extreme it really is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Candies advertisement that I chose, a model looking in to a cabinet in a bathroom. She stands wearing a black bra and bottom. Inside the cabinet are three full shelves of condoms. I noticed that there are a variety of colors and brands. In the center of the cabinet are two bottles of the fragrances. There is a light shining on them to make the product stand out in the entire advertisement. The expression on her face almost seems like an evil smirk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I flipped through a magazine, this advertisement immediately caught my attention. My first belief of the marketer’s intentions was to give an idea that “if you wear their product, you can be with whomever you wish, anywhere you dare, and however many partners you desire.'; Of course, this was ridiculous to me, but it definitely caught my attention. It seems as if the condoms signify multiple partners. The fragrance is the “center of attention'; in the entire ad and you will be to if you us the product.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I asked a few people what it seemed like the advertisement meant and most of them had similar opinions to mine. The whole idea of a “sexy girl'; standing in front of three full shelves of condoms is pretty self-explanatory. What is interesting about this is that there are so many ways to advertise a fragrance, but marketers tend to use sexual concepts in the advertisements for fragrances. Using any type of sexual influence for an advertisement for teenagers can bring up some controversy. Many parents would believe that the ad is promoting teenagers to have sex, and therefore would not allow their daughters to purchase the product. Why is it that almost every ad that targets teenagers, seems to be about sex? I think it is because sexuality is a new thing to them and it always grabs their attention.

Schlafly’s Opinion on School to Work Programs

On September 4, 1997, Phyllis Schlafly wrote an article titled â€Å"School-to-Work Will Train, Not Educate. † The article discusses the cons of the school-to-work program and that states that it is portrayed as a â€Å"cradle to the grave. † The article says that the school-to-work program will train and not educate. Schlafly is the president of the Eagle Forum, a organization that stands for the fundamental right of parents to guide the education of their own children, thinks that â€Å"school-to-work is a direct threat to the individual student, his or her privacy, his or her goals and his or her acquisition of an education that can help him reach them. Schlafly†s opinion wrong and will not pass in today†s society. In Schlafly†s criticism, she states that the school-to-work program â€Å"deemphasizes or eliminates academic work and substitutes mandated vocational training to better serve the workforce. † She also says that â€Å"instead of the focus being on developing the child, the focus is on developing a labor force. † Schlafly thinks that school-to-work is training rather then education. In contrast to Schlafly, Olson says that school-to-work give students â€Å"motivation† which will help students because students in today†s society are not motivated enough. Surveys prove that students describe education as â€Å"boring. † Schlafly believes that the STW law stating that vocational training starts â€Å"at the earliest possible age†¦ † is wrong. The reason is that she believes that elementary or middle school children do not know what career they want to fulfill. The last point in Schlafly†s article is she states that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work because they think that vocational courses in high school for illiterate or semi-illiterate students will train young Americans to compete in the global economy with people in the third world willing to work for 25 and 50 cents an hour. She is basically saying that big businesses are supporting school-to-work because they want some cheap labor. In conclusion to her article, Schlafly says that â€Å"all those who value freedom must defeat and defund school-to-work. † She thinks that school-to-work is oppressing the students from their freedom to learn and receive a good education. Schlafly†s article says that Marc Tucker†s plan for school-to-work is to â€Å"train children in specific jobs to serve the workforce and the global economy instead of educate them so they can make their own life choices. She also says that it is designed on the â€Å"German system. † Where did she get the idea that school-to-work is based on the â€Å"German system? † She does not know what she is talking about and the information she is spreading is invalid. She also states that the program is to â€Å"train† children but she also does not give the option of training and educating together. Olson shows how training and education goes together by showing kids why they have to learn and by creating a desire to learn. Schlafly is absolutely wrong about â€Å"training children. † Beginning school-to-work at the earliest age possible does not mean that elementary and middle school students are going to choose their lifetime career. Giving the children vocational training will give them an option in what they want to do in the future. Children will see if they like the field of training and study and decide whether or not they want to pursue that vocation in the future. In comparison to what Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work activities can provide choices and opportunities for young people, many of whom are not now well served y our education system. Schlafly says that â€Å"big businesses support school-to-work† because it will provide them with cheap labor. Where did Schlafly get this information? Throughout the whole article there is no proof of justifying this idea. She also mentions that governors support the program because â€Å"it gives them control of a pot of money for which they don†t have to account to the state legislature. † This statement also lacks evidence and cannot be used to prove that the program is a failure. School-to-work is not for businesses or governors, but rather for the children themselves and their goals for their future. Like Olson says, â€Å"school-to-work can encourage young people to pursue education and training beyond high school. † Is Schlafly criticism valid at all? Absolutely not, she bases her information on nothing, such as the â€Å"German system. † Schlafly proved that school-to-work is training for a lifetime career but this argument is wrong because training can also be compatible with education. Big businesses and governors may support school-to-work for cheap labor and for the money but there is no proof and even if there was any proof not all businesses and governors would think that way. Until Schlafly gives some proof to her information and can prove that training and education are not compatible, she is not to be taken seriously. School-to-work is a very good idea and to agreement with Olson, â€Å"done right school-to-work can be a powerful tool in the effort to achieve higher academic standards and a more educated citizenry.

Life in a Hi-Tech Society essays

Life in a Hi-Tech Society essays America is the first republic in the world. They announced their independence by the Declaration of Independence in july 4th 1776. They announced their philosophy as: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness."1 And now they are the super power of the world. Technology has a very important role in this progress of America. They invest a lot of money for technological developments. I think America is an excellent example to understand the importance of technology for a society. But despite all the progress in economics, military so on, American Society is not an ideal society. They have a lot of social problems which they cant prevent. Although America is the super power of the world by its hi-tech, they still cant solve all their problems. So is it enough for a society to be strong in economics, world policy or military, to be happy? A Short Review of American Progress: From a nation of farmers, the United States was changed by the usage of the machinery and progress in production with the Industrial Revolution. Since the 1870s America is the manufacturing leader of the world and leads the world in the production of steel, automobiles and other products. By the 1990s, many advances were made in chemistry, electronics and biotechnology and produced goods from semiconducto ...

The Little Prince essays

The Little Prince essays Finding what you truly desire is so hard to come by. The perfect pair of shoes, the top that fits you perfectly, and the job that will make you the most money are trivial to what is actually essential in life. So many people are searching for the things they feel are indispensable to living a happy life, sometimes forgetting what they really need. In the Little Prince, by Antoine De Saint-Exupery, the little prince points out, "People where you live," the little prince said, "grow five thousand roses in one garden... yet they don't find what they're looking for..." "They don't find it," I answered. "And yet what they're looking for could be found in a single rose, or a little water..." "Of course," I answered. And the little prince added, "But eyes are blind. You have to look with the heart" (71). As the narrator pulls the water up out of the well, and the pulley seems to sing to the little prince, the narrator realizes what the little prince was looking for by their journey through the desert. The little prince didnt need to quench his thirst, nor did he enjoy walking through the hot desert, he enjoyed the company and the occasion in which they walked together. The saunter they had, the song of the pulley, the effort to get the water was what the prince considered a gift. The experience of friendship and bonding is what the little prince had been looking for the entire time. The narrator, like most people, had to realize that individual tasks do not led to happiness in life, its all the moments as a whole, shared with family and friends that is one gift to one another. In life looking vaguely for what one sees is happiness is not uncommon. Feeling as though a hundred acquaintances are better than two close friends, or attending fine affairs where you are inconsequential are more important than personal birthdays at home. As the little prince states, "grow five thousand roses in one garden... yet they don't find...

Descriptive Statistics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Descriptive Statistics Paper - Essay Example In the preceeding page is a pie chart that shows a set of nominal data of respondents according to gender. Notice that there are more females (52%) than the male respondents (48%). This differences in frequency in terms of population may affect the the result of data. Based on models, the disparities can be due to related factors such as demographic data and skills of the workers (Autor, Katz and Kearney, 2008), that demographic as well as factors that are non-economic can greatly affect the wages. The second chart above reveals the average years of work experiences between males and females. There is difference in the said years of experience according to gender and this is reflected on the chart. More female was found to have higher work experiences (21.11%) than the males (19.74%). Figure 3 presents the box plot chart shows that average wage per industry in areas of construction ($ 42, 225.07), manufacturing ($26, 402.29) and others ($31, 347.88) have variations. For these industries, employees in the construction had the highest wages followed by those in the field of manufacturing and the rest of other industries. Finally, figure 5 below depicts the fact that men receive salary far from the amount received by females. Comparison can be considered serious due to the continuous increase in gap between the wages of the male and female members of the workforce (Welch, 2000). The said study presents one of the specific problematic areas related to wage and wage earners. Welch, F. (2000). Women’s Labor-Market Gains in the 1980’s and Future Prospects: Growth in Women’s Relative Wages and in Inequality among Men: One Phenomenon or Two? AEA Papers and Proceedings, 90 (2),

Graduating School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Graduating School - Essay Example The latter are considered to be more value-laden than simple provisions in a code. This is important to remember. But different sources have different values. One source of professional values and ethics is a code of conduct. Another is the organic behaviour of those who work around you—this is a difficult source to define. This can be good and bad. If you work in a police station where people are corrupt, being ethically purse might help you if you rely on your corrupt boss to promote you. A third source is what you bring to the table, how you yourself have been raised. You contribute your own ethics and values to the group with which you work. Perhaps at the police station you can set a very high standard as a role model and encourage people to follow your example. In my life, I have thought long and hard about why we need ethics. Ethics bind people together. They let the cream rise to the top. In today's world ethical relativism dominates so it is important to have codes th at are carefully written down and that are exhaustive and detailed. What is ethical relativism? This is a position believes that no universal standard exists to assess the truth of the world around us. Relativists often see morals as applying only within certain cultures. These people would say that female genital mutilation is okay because it is a cultural practice and an important to a particular culture.